Male Neuronal Support Cells - PCS

<body>  <title>Handbook - Male Post-Cloacal Sensilla</title> <META name="Description" content="WormAtlas: A database of behavioral and structural anatomy of Caenorhabditis elegans."> <META name="KeyWords" content="Caenorhabditis, elegans, anatomy, hermaphrodite, worm, nematode">  <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <META name="Copyright" content="www.wormatlas.org"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/common-style.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/gray.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/gray-menu.css" type="text/css"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../css/css.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../javascripts.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../pop-closeup.js"></script> <style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000">  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td align="center" valign="top"> <a name="top"></a>  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="2" width="100%"><tr> <td background="../../art1/oldheadercolor.jpg" class="pictbackground"><img src="../../ART1/headerA2b.jpg" width="829" height="86" border="0" usemap="#Map2"> </td> </tr><tr class="printhide"><td class=""> </td></tr></table>  <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="menu.js"></script>  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="1051" align="left" valign="top" class="shadow-horizontal"> <br> <br>  <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="just">  <span class="title"><span class="style5"><a name="NeuronalsupportcellsPCS" id="NeuronalsupportcellsPCS"></a></span><span class="style5">NEURONAL SUPPORT CELLS OF THE MALE SENSILLA</span> - POST-CLOACAL SENSILLA </span>  <center> <TABLE align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="gallerytext"> <tr> <td width="1169" align="left" class="style1"> <span class="subtitle"> <a name="Postcloacalsensillacompositionandstructure1" id="Postcloacalsensillacompositionandstructure1"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 1 Post-cloacal Sensilla Composition and Structure <strong> </strong></span> <p>Immediately posterior of the cloaca are a left/right (L/R) bilateral pair of sensilla called the post-cloacal sensilla (PCS) (<a href="#MalePCSFIG1A">MalePCSFIG 1</a>). Like the <a href="../hook/Hookframeset.html" target="_blank">hook</a> these sensilla are embedded in sclerotized cuticle. Each post-cloacal sensillum contains the endings of 3 sensory-motor neurons, <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCAframeset.html" target="_blank">PCAL/R</a>, <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCBframeset.html" target="_blank">PCBL/R</a> and <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCCframeset.html" target="_blank">PCCL/R</a>. In each sensillum the neurons are surrounded by sheath cells (<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004390">PCshL</a>/<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004389" target="_blank">R</a>) and socket cells (<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004388" target="_blank">PCsoL</a>/<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004387" target="_blank">R</a>). Sensilla also contains a third epithelial cell PCh (formed by fusion of <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004402" target="_blank">PChL</a>/<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004391" target="_blank">R</a>); <a href="#MalePCSTABLE1">MalePCSTABLE 1</a>). Cells of the PCS are derived from the L1 rectal blast cells <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/all/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004578" target="_blank">Y</a> and <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/all/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003825" target="_blank">B</a> (<a href="#MalePCSFIG2">MalePCSFIG 2</a>). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MalePCSFIG1A.jpg" alt="MalePCSFIG 1A The adult male cloaca" name="MalePCSFIG1A" width="450" height="346" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MalePCSFIG1A"><a name="MalePCSFIG1A" id="MalePCSFIG1A"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MalePCSFIG 1A: The adult male cloaca.</span><span class="style2"> Nomarski DIC showing the cloacal opening and post-cloacal sensilla, ventral view. <em>Inset</em> shows epifluorescent images from transgenic animals expressing the<em> ajm-1::GFP</em> reporter gene.</span> <div align="center"><br> <img src="images/MalePCSFIG1BC.jpg" alt="MalePCSFIG 1B&C The cloacal ganglion" name="MalePCSFIG2BC" width="800" height="295" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MalePCSFIG2BC"><a name="MalePCSFIG1BC" id="MalePCSFIG1BC"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle">MalePCSFIG1B&C: The cloacal ganglion. </span><span class="style2"> <strong>B.</strong> Mid-late L4 male showing the locations of the cloacal ganglia cell bodies, lateral view, left, sublateral plane. <strong>C. </strong>Epifluorescent image from transgenic animals expressing the<em> egl-17::GFP</em> reporter gene expressed in the PChL cell. (Strain source: R.D. Burdine and M.J. Stern.) </span> <p>The cell bodies of each left and right sensillum are grouped together in the left or right cloacal ganglia (CGL/R), located on either side of the proctodeum. Cell body positions are relatively invariant and can be most clearly observed in late L4 (<a href="#MalePCSFIG1BC">MalePCSFIG 1B</a>; see <a href="../../malespicules.html" target="_blank">PCS Cell Identification Guide</a> by L. R. Garcia). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MalePCSTABLE1.jpg" alt="MalePCSTABLE 1 Summary of PCS cells" name="MalePCSTABLE1" width="802" height="531" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MalePCSTABLE1"><a name="MalePCSTABLE1" id="MalePCSTABLE1"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MalePCSTABLE 1: Summary of PCS cells. </span> <div align="center"><hr class="page-splits"> <img src="images/MalePCSFIG2.jpg" alt="MalePCSFIG 2 Lineal origin of PCS cells" name="MalePCSFIG2" width="546" height="608" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MalePCSFIG2"><a name="MalePCSFIG2" id="MalePCSFIG2"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MalePCSFIG 2: Lineal origin of PCS cells. </span><span class="style2">(Adapted by <a href="#Sulston1980">Sulston et al., 1980</a>.) </span> <p>From the CGL/R, PCS neurons send axons anteriorly into the preanal ganglion (PAG) (<a href="#MalePCSFIG4AB">MalePCSFIG 4A</a>) and dendrites posteriorly to the sensilla. <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCBframeset.html" target="_blank">PCBL/R </a>neurons end in the sheath. PCAL/R cilia extend the furthest, ending in the cuticle. <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCCframeset.html" target="_blank">PCCL</a> and <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCCframeset.html" target="_blank">PCCR</a> neurons cross just posterior to the proctodeum and end in contra-lateral sensillum (<a href="#MalePCSFIG3A">MalePCSFIG 3</a>).<br> </p></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" background="#Chinsang2000" class="style1"> <div align="center"><br> <img src="images/MalePCSFIG3A.jpg" alt="MalePCDFIG 3A Illustraion of post-cloacal sensillum" name="MalePCSFIG3A" width="393" height="600" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MalePCSFIG3A"><a name="MalePCSFIG3A" id="MalePCSFIG3A"></a><span class="picturename"> </span></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MalePCSFIG 3A: Illustration of post-cloacal sensillum. </span><span class="style2"> Longitudinal view, left side (Adapted from <a href="#Sulston1980">Sulston et al., 1980</a>.) </span> <div align="center"><br> <img src="images/MalePCSFIG3BC.jpg" alt="MalePCSFIG 3B&C TEMs of the post-clocal region" name="MalePCSFIG3BC" width="542" height="600" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MalePCSFIG3BC"><a name="MalePCSFIG3BC" id="MalePCSFIG3BC"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MalePCSFIG 3B&C: TEMs of the post-clocal region. </span><span class="style2"><a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCAframeset.html" target="_blank">PCA</a>, <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCBframeset.html" target="_blank">PCB</a> and <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCCframeset.html" target="_blank">PCC</a> neurons, transverse view. <strong>B. </strong>(Image source: [MRC] 1326red.) <strong>C. </strong>(Image source: [MRC] 1335red.) </span> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"><a name="Postcloacalsensillaneuronconnectivity2" id="Postcloacalsensillaneuronconnectivity2"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 2 Post-cloacal Sensilla Neuron Connectivity <br> </span> <p>Targets of the <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCAframeset.html" target="_blank">PCA</a>, <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCBframeset.html" target="_blank">PCB</a> and <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCCframeset.html" target="_blank">PCC</a> neurons include each other, the hook neurons (<a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/HOAframeset.html" target="_blank">HOA </a>and <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/HOBframeset.html" target="_blank">HOB</a>), spicule neurons (<a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/SPCframeset.html" target="_blank">SPCL/R</a> and<a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/SPDframeset.html" target="_blank"> SPD</a>), male-specific muscles and the gonad (<a href="http://wormwiring.org/male/male.php" target="_blank">The Male Wiring Project</a>). These connections ensure that vulval location (by the PCS and hook) are coordinated with the subsequent steps of spicule insertion and sperm transfer (reviewed in <a href="http://www.wormbook.org/" target="_blank">WormBook: Male Mating Behavior - Barr and Garcia</a>). PCS neuron dendrites form NMJs with male-specific oblique and gubernacular muscles <em>en route</em> to the sensilla (<a href="#MalePCSFIG4AB">MalePCSFIG 4B</a>; see also <a href="../musclemale/Musmaleframeset.html" target="_blank">Male Muscle System - Male-specific Muscles</a>). Innervation of the oblique muscles may ensure that the tail adopts the appropriate posture for spicule prodding and insertion. Gubernacular muscle stimulation may facilitate spicule movement through the proctodeum by lifting the gubernaculum. In the preanal ganglion, <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCBframeset.html" target="_blank">PCBL/R</a> and <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/PCCframeset.html" target="_blank">PCCL/R</a> axons (and <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/SPCframeset.html" target="_blank">SPCL/R</a> ) run on the dorsal surface of the ganglion and have synapses directed towards the gonad (<a href="#MalePCSFIG4C">MalePCSFIG 4C</a>). <strong><br> </strong></p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MalePCSFIG4AB.jpg" alt="MalePCSFIG 4A&B PCS neurons" name="MalePCSFIG4AB" width="800" height="340" border="0" align="middle" usemap="#MaleIntroFIG6Map" class="Galborder" id="MalePCSFIG4AB"><a name="MalePCSFIG4AB" id="MalePCSFIG4AB"></a> <span class="picturename"> </span></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MalePCSFIG 4A&B: PCS neurons. </span><span class="style2"><strong>A.</strong> Diagram of adult tail featuring locations of the PCS neurons, lateral view. (PAG) Pre-anal ganglion; (PCS) post-cloacal sensillum. <strong>B. </strong>TEM of synapse between PCS neurons and muscles from region highlighted in <strong>A</strong>, transverse views. (Image source: N2Y[MRC] 1257L.) </span></td> <tr> <td align="left" background="#Chinsang2000" class="style1"><div align="center"><br> <img src="images/MalePCSFIG4C.jpg" alt="MalePCSFIG 4C PCS axons innervating gonad" name="MalePCSFIG4C" width="713" height="246" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MalePCSFIG4C"> <a name="MalePCSFIG4C" id="MalePCSFIG4C"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle">MalePCSFIG 4C: PCS axons innervating gonad. </span><span class="style2">TEM showing highlighted region from <strong>A, </strong>transverse view . (PAG) Pre-anal ganglion. (Image source: N2Y [MRC] PAG 980.)</span> <br> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"><a name="References3" id="References3"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 3 References</span> <p><a name="Sulston1980"></a>Sulston, J.E., Albertson, D.G. and Thomson, J.N. 1980. The <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> male: Postembryonic development of nongonadal structures. Dev Biol. <strong>78</strong>: 542-576. <a href="http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/Sulston postembmale_1980/toc.html" target="_blank">Article</a></p> <hr class="page-splits"></td> </tr><tr> <td align="left" class="style1"> <a href="#top"><img src="../../picts/topoff.gif" border="0" onMouseOver="this.src='../../picts/topon.gif'" onMouseOut="this.src='../../picts/topoff.gif'"> </a><br> This chapter should be cited as: Lints, R. and Hall, D.H. 2009. Male neuronal support cells, post-cloacal sensilla. In<em> WormAtlas</em>. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3908/wormatlas.2.13" target="_top">10.3908/wormatlas.2.13</a><br> Edited for the web by Laura A. Herndon. Last revision: July 19, 2013. </td> </tr></table> </center>  </td> </tr></table> </td> </tr></table>   </td></tr><tr><td>  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr class="printhide"><td class="pagebar-bottom"> <img src="../../picts/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt="image"><br> </td></tr></table>  </td></tr><tr><td class="shadow-horizontal">  <table cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../copyright.js"></script> </td><td align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table>  </td></tr></table>  <script src="/google_analytics.js"></script> </BODY></HTML>