Male Epithelial System Hypodermis

<body>  <title>Handbook - Introduction</title> <META name="Description" content="WormAtlas: A database of behavioral and structural anatomy of Caenorhabditis elegans."> <META name="KeyWords" content="Caenorhabditis, elegans, anatomy, hermaphrodite, worm, nematode">  <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <META name="Copyright" content="www.wormatlas.org"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/common-style.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/gray.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/gray-menu.css" type="text/css"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../css/css.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../javascripts.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../pop-closeup.js"></script> <style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000">  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="136%"> <tr><td align="center" valign="top"> <a name="top"></a>  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="2" width="100%"><tr> <td background="../../art1/oldheadercolor.jpg" class="pictbackground"><img src="../../ART1/headerA2b.jpg" width="829" height="86" border="0" usemap="#Map2"> </td> </tr><tr class="printhide"><td class=""> </td></tr></table>  <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="menu.js"></script>  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="1051" align="left" valign="top" class="shadow-horizontal"> <br> <br>  <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="just">  <span class="title"><span class="style5"><a name="Epithelialsystemofmalehypodermis" id="Epithelialsystemofmalehypodermis"></a>EPITHELIAL SYSTEM OF THE MALE </span>- SEAM AND TAIL HYPODERMIS </span>  <center> <TABLE align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="gallerytext"> <tr> <td width="836" align="left" class="style1"> <span class="subtitle"> <a name="Theseam1" id="Theseam1"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 1 The Seam <strong><br> </strong></span> <p>In the male, the three most posterior L1 lateral seam cells, V5 (L/R), V6 (L/R) and T (L/R), produce the sensory rays, instead of alae-secreting seam cells (<a href="#MaleHypFIG1">MaleHypFIG 1</a>). Rays are required for various steps in male mating behavior (to view behavior see <a href="../introduction/Introframeset.html" target="_blank">Male Introduction</a>). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG1.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 1 L1 seam cells V5, V6 and T produce rays in the male" name="MaleHypFIG1" width="537" height="353" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG1"><a name="MaleHypFIG1" id="MaleHypFIG1"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 1: L1 seam cells V5, V6 and T produce rays in the male.</span> <p>The adult male tail bears a total of nine bilateral pairs of rays (numbered, n, 1 to 9 from anterior to posterior, left to right) which are embedded in a cuticular fan (<a href="#MaleHypFIG2">MaleHypFIG 2</a>; ). Each ray consists of the dendritic endings of two sensory neurons (an RnA and an RnB neuron), surrounded by an epithelial tube formed by a ray structural cell (Rnst). All ray cell processes are ensheathed in an extension of hyp7 and cuticle (<a href="#MaleHypFIG2">MaleHypFIG 2</a>; for details see <a href="../rays/Rayframeset.html" target="_blank">Male Neuronal Support Cells - Rays</a>). Except for ray 6, the tips of the rays open to the environment. At light microscope resolution, ray openings can be seen as a "ring-and-dot", formed by the hyp and Rnst cell encircling the RnB neuron tip. Ray development spans L2 to late L4 and can be divided into two non-overlapping phases (1) ray cell generation and (2) ray morphogenesis. </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG2.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 2 Ray structure" name="MaleHypFIG2" width="680" height="319" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG2"><a name="MaleHypFIG2" id="MaleHypFIG2"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 2: Ray structure. </span><span class="style2"> </span> <div align="center"> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" background="#Chinsang2000" class="style1"><p><strong><a name="Raycellgeneration11" id="Raycellgeneration11"></a><span class="style13"><br> 1.1 Ray Cell Generation </span></strong></p> <p>The first signs of sexual dimorphism in the seam are apparent at L2 where male V5 and V6 lineages execute a doubling division and the T lineage divides (<a href="#MaleHypFIG3A">MaleHypFIG 3A</a>). The daughters of the V5 and V6 doubling division, and T, divide to produce 9 ray precursor (Rn) cells in each seam by L3 (<a href="#MaleHypFIG4">MaleHypFIG 4</a>, top row). <br> </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG3A.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 3A Male versus hermaphrodite seam lineages" name="MaleHypFIG3A" width="743" height="399" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG3A"><a name="MaleHypFIG3A" id="MaleHypFIG3A"></a><span class="picturename"> </span></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 3A: Male versus hermaphrodite seam lineages. </span> <div align="center"><br> <img src="images/MaleHypFIG3B.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 3B The ray sublineage" name="MaleHypFIG3B" width="264" height="403" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG3B"><a name="MaleHypFIG3B" id="MaleHypFIG3B"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 3B: The ray sublineage. </span><span class="style2"> </span> <p>Between mid-L3 and mid-L4, each Rn cell divides by a stereotyped lineage pattern (referred to as the ray sublineage) producing the constituent cells of a single ray: an RnA, RnB and Rnst cell (a Ray Cell Group, RCG) (<a href="#MaleHypFIG3B">MaleHypFIG 3B</a> and <a href="#MaleHypFIG4">MaleHypFIG 4</a>). Thus, the cells of a single ray derive from a common precursor. Execution of the sublineage is driven by members of the conserved basic-helix-loop-helix proneural gene family (<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00003018" target="_blank">LIN-32</a> and <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00001949" target="_blank">HLH-2</a>; <a href="#Zhao1995">Zhao and Emmons, 1995</a>; <a href="#Portman2000">Portman and Emmons, 2000</a>) and a DM domain gene (<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00003100" target="_blank">MAB-3</a>; <a href="#Yi2000">Yi et al. 2000</a>; <a href="#Ross2005">Ross et al, 2005</a>). In addition to a RCG, each Rn produces 1 hypodermal cell (Rn.p) that will either fuse with Rn.p cells from other rays forming the male posterior seam (SET) cell (R1.p-R5.p) or will fuse with hyp 7 (R6.p-R9.p; <a href="#Sulston1980">Sulston et al., 1980</a>). <br> </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG4.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 4 Ray cell generation" name="MaleHypFIG4" width="807" height="842" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG4"><a name="MaleHypFIG4" id="MaleHypFIG4"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 4: Ray cell generation.<br> </span><strong><a name="Raymorphogenesis12" id="Raymorphogenesis12"></a><span class="style13"><br> 1.2 Ray Morphogenesis </span></strong> <p>After completion of the ray sublineages the hypodermis, ray cell bodies and other cells of the posterior migrate anteriorly as part of the process of reshaping the male tail. Ray cell bodies detach from the body wall and migrate anteriorly and medially to the lumbar ganglia (LG L/ R) (<a href="#MaleHypFIG5">MaleHypFIG 5B</a> and <a href="#MaleHypFIG8">MaleHypFIG 8</a>). A small part of each ray cell, however, remains attached to the body wall and the general forward movement of hyp and ray cell bodies spins out the rays (<a href="#MaleHypFIG6">MaleHypFIG 6B&C</a>). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG5.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 5 Lateral and transverse views of ray morphogenesis" name="MaleHypFIG5" width="760" height="971" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG5"><a name="MaleHypFIG5" id="MaleHypFIG5"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 5: Lateral and transverse views of ray morphogenesis.</span> <p>Nascent rays initially appear as papillae on the surface of the tail (<a href="#MaleHypFIG6">MaleHypFIG 6</a>) and subsequently lengthen as surrounding tissues continue to move forward. The fan forms from cuticle that separates from the body wall at the lateral sides of the animal (<a href="#MaleHypFIG5">MaleHypFIG 5B</a>). The gap formed is bridged by the developing rays. The inner layer of the adult cuticle is laid down and the lateral portions of cuticle collapse around the rays forming the fan. The ray tips characteristically open on either the dorsal (rays 1, 5 and 7) or ventral (rays 2, 4 and 8) fan surface or at the fan margin (rays 3 and 9) (<a href="#Sulston1980">Sulston et al., 1980</a>) and this is established when the ray papillae initially attach to the cuticle (as shown in <a href="#MaleHypFIG6">MaleHypFIG 6B&C</a>). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG6.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 6 Ray papilla" name="MaleHypFIG6" width="750" height="470" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG6"><a name="MaleHypFIG6" id="MaleHypFIG6"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 6: Ray papilla. </span> <p>As mentioned above, a small part of each ray cell is connected to the body wall and these fixed points of attachment, coupled with retraction of surrounding tissues, drive ray formation. Ultrastructurally the attachments consist of adherens junctions (AJs) interlinking hyp, Rnst and ray neurons as well as hemidesmosomes (HDs), that link hyp to cuticle (<a href="#MaleHypFIG7">MaleHypFIG 7A-C</a>). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG7.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 7 Ray ultrastructure" name="MaleHypFIG7" width="612" height="554" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG7"><a name="MaleHypFIG7" id="MaleHypFIG7"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 7: Ray ultrastructure. </span> <div align="center"> <hr class="page-splits"> <img src="images/MaleHypFIG8.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 8 EM cross-section of the adult male tail" name="MaleHypFIG8" width="383" height="548" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG8"><a name="MaleHypFIG8" id="MaleHypFIG8"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 8: EM cross-section of the adult male tail. </span> <p>During the course of ray cell generation and morphogenesis some cell-cell contacts are maintained while others change (<a href="#Baird1991">Baird et al., 1991</a>). For example, the constituent cells of the RCG remain in tight association throughout ray development and do not intermingle with cells of other rays (<a href="#MaleHypFIG5">MaleHypFIG 5A</a>). This is reminiscent of the phenomenon of lineage restriction, observed in the <em>Drosophila</em> imaginal disc compartments or in the rhombomeres of vertebrate hindbrain. By contrast, RCGs must separate from the SET in order for future rays adopt their adult axial positions. Cell affinities and migrations are regulated by conserved cell attraction and repulsion factors such as ephrins, semaphorins and plexins (<a href="#Roy2000">Roy et al, 2000</a>; <a href="#Ginzburg2002">Ginzburg et al, 200</a>; <a href="#Hahn2003">Hahn and Emmons, 2003</a>; <a href="#Dalpe2004">Dalpé et al, 2004</a>). Mutations in genes encoding such factors cause abnormal ray positioning or fusion of rays (for EM analysis of fused ray ultrastructure see <a href="#Chow1995" target="_blank">Chow et al., 1995</a>). </p> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"><a name="Thetailtiphyp2" id="Thetailtiphyp2"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 2 The Tail Tip hyp </span> <p>During late L4 the male tail tip changes from a tapering cone shape (leptoderan) to a blunt dome (peloderan) (<a href="../epithelial/images/MaleEpiFIG1.jpg" target="_blank">MaleEpiFIG 1</a>; for animation visit <a href="http://wormtails.bio.nyu.edu/Home.html" target="_blank">Fitch lab website</a>). Tail tip remodeling is the first step in establishing the adult male posterior form. Prior to tip morphogenesis, male and hermaphrodite tail tips differ only slightly in their cell contacts and composition (<a href="#MaleHypFIG9">MaleHypFIG 9</a>). In both sexes the tip contains the 4 hyp cells hyp8-11. In males, however, the sisters of T form a binucleate cell called hyp13, instead of fusing with hyp7 as in the hermaphrodites (<a href="#Sulston1983">Sulston et al., 1983</a>). Cell contacts are largely the same except that in males hyp11 borders with male-specific ray lineage cells and hyp8 with hyp13. The distribution and frequency of adherens junctions (AJs) and gap junctions (GPs) between tail tip cells does not differ significantly between the sexes at this stage (<a href="#Nguyen1999">Nguyen et al., 1999</a>).<strong><br> </strong></p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG9.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 9 Male and hermaphrodite tails at L4" name="MaleHypFIG9" width="499" height="463" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG9"><a name="MaleHypFIG9" id="MaleHypFIG9"></a> <span class="picturename"> </span></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleHypFIG 9: Male and hermaphrodite tails at L4.<br> </span> <p>Tail tip remodeling occurs at the same time as ray morphogenesis (beginning mid L4, ca 35 hrs; <a href="#MaleHypFIG10">MaleHypFIG 10</a>). The process can be divided into approximately 5 stages (<a href="#Sulston1980">Sulston et al., 1980</a>; <a href="#Nguyen1999">Nguyen et al., 1999</a>). Cell borders break down (visualized by the disappearance of adherens junction marker AJM-1::GFP/MH27 antibody staining) and cells fuse together (Stages 0-2). Fusion progresses from the anterior to posterior of the tail tip. EM analysis of fusing cells suggest that fusions initiate at or near adherens junctions (<a href="#Nguyen1999">Nguyen et al., 1999</a>). </p></td> <tr> <td align="left" background="#Chinsang2000" class="style1"><div align="center"><br> <img src="images/MaleHypFIG10.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 10 Tail tip hyp remodeling in the male" name="MaleHypFIG10" width="795" height="851" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG10"><a name="MaleHypFIG10" id="MaleHypFIG10"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle">MaleHypFIG 10: Tail tip hyp remodeling in the male.</span> <span class="style2">Note, hyp 8 (1 nucleus), hyp 9 (1 nucleus), hyp 10 (2 nuclei) and hyp 13 (2 nuclei) are included in the ventral hypodermal tissue (beige) in stages 0-4. Hyp 11 nucleus is omitted from these stages as it usually lies on the left lateral side, rather than ventral. In stage 5, because of the change of the tail tip hyp into a "central/dorsal hyp", hyp 11 nucleus is now also included. </span> <p>The newly formed tail tip syncytium then migrates anteriorly into the body at the midline until it forms a strip of central hyp that extends from the tail to the anterior edge of the proctodeum (Stages 3-5 and adult in <a href="#MaleHypFIG11">MaleHypFIG 11A&B</a>). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleHypFIG11.jpg" alt="MaleHypFIG 11 EM cross-section through the proctodeum" name="MaleHypFIG11" width="800" height="517" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleHypFIG11"><a name="MaleHypFIG11" id="MaleHypFIG11"></a><span class="picturename"> </span></div> <span class="picturetitle">MaleHypFIG 11: EM cross-section through the proctodeum.</span><br> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"> <a name="Listofcells3" id="Listofcells3"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 3 List of Hypodermal Cells</span> <br> <span class="style2">(For cell name/number correspondence see HypFIG 1, HypFIG 2 in Hermaphrodite <a href="../../hermaphrodite/hypodermis/Hypframeset.html" target="_blank">Hypodermis</a> chapter. Dorsal nuclei locations are post-intercalation: LL: lateral left; LR: lateral right. V1/2, D1/2 etc indicate stochastic fates.)</span> <blockquote> <table width="852" border="0"> <tr> <td width="249" height="560" align="left" valign="top"> <strong>1. Head</strong> (anterior to the excretory pore; all embryonic)<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004694#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 1 (V)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002092#01--10" target="_blank">ABarappaapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004694#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 1 (DL) </a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002090#01--10" target="_blank">ABalpaapppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004694#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 1 (DR)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002091#01--10" target="_blank">ABaraaapppp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004692#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 2 (V)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002094#01--10" target="_blank">ABalpapaaap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004692#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 2 (DL) </a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002093#01--10" target="_blank">ABalpaapppp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004690#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 3 (D1/2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006285#01--10" target="_blank">ABplaapaaaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004690#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 3 (D1/2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006544#01--10" target="_blank">ABpraapaaaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004687#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 4 (D)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006545#01--10" target="_blank">ABarpapapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004687#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 4 (V1/2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006720#01--10" target="_blank">ABpraappaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004687#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 4 (V1/2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006466#01--10" target="_blank">ABplaappaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004685#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 5 (L)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006136#01--10" target="_blank">ABplaaapp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004685#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 5 (R) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006085#01--10" target="_blank">ABarpappap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004679#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 6 (D1)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0005969#01--10" target="_blank">ABplaaaapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004679#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 6 (D2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006119#01--10" target="_blank">ABarpaapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004679#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 6 (D3)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006190#01--10" target="_blank">ABplaaaapp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004679#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 6 (D4)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006299#01--10" target="_blank">ABarpapapp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004679#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 6 (V1/2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006243#01--10" target="_blank">ABplaappap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004679#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 6 (V1/2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006527#01--10" target="_blank">ABpraappap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006375#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D1)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006375#01--10" target="_blank">ABarpaapap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0005939#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0005939#01--10" target="_blank">ABarpaappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004670#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V18/19)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006244#01--10" target="_blank">ABpraapppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006735#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V18/19)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006735#01--10" target="_blank">ABplaapppa</a><br> <strong>2. Body</strong> (posterior to the excretory pore)<br> <em><u>Embryonic:</u> </em><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006070#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D3) </a>- LR nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006070#01--10" target="_blank">ABarpaappp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006180#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D4)</a> - LL nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006180#01--10" target="_blank">ABarppaapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006433#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D5)</a> - LR nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006433#01--10" target="_blank">ABarpppapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004662#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D6)</a> - LL nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006151#01--10" target="_blank">Cpaaaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004667#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D7)</a> - LR nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006076#01--10" target="_blank">Caaaaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004661#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D8)</a> - LL nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006357#01--10" target="_blank">Cpaaap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004666#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D9) </a>- LR nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006319#01--10" target="_blank">Caaaap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004660#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D10)</a> - LL nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0005886#01--10" target="_blank">Cpaapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004665#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D11)</a> - LR nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006502#01--10" target="_blank">Caaapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004659#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D12)</a> - LL nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006399#01--10" target="_blank">Cpaapp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004664#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D13) </a>- LR nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006521#01--10" target="_blank">Caaapp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004658#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D14) </a>- LL nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006231#01--10" target="_blank">Cpapaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004657#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D15) </a>- LR nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006374#01--10" target="_blank">Cpapap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004656#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D16)</a> - LL nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006100#01--10" target="_blank">Cpappd</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004663#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (D17)</a> - LR nucleus. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0005991#01--10" target="_blank">Caappd</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004672#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V20)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006477#01--10" target="_blank">ABplaapppp<br> </a><a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004669#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V21)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006608#01--10" target="_blank">ABpraapppp</a><br> <em><u>Postembryonic:</u></em><br> Ventral (P lineage)<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004159#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V1) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006889#01--10" target="_blank">P1.p</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006890#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006890#01--10" target="_blank">P2.p</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004155#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V3)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004155#01--10" target="_blank">P3.pa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002482#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V4)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002482#01--10" target="_blank">P3.pp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002489#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V5)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002489#01--10" target="_blank">P4.pa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002490#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V6)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002490#01--10" target="_blank">P4.pp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002553#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V7)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002553#01--10" target="_blank">P8.pa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002554#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V8)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002554#01--10" target="_blank">P8.pp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004392#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V9) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006897#01--10" target="_blank">P9.p</a> <br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006898#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V10)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006898#01--10" target="_blank">P10.p</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006899#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V11)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006899#01--10" target="_blank">P11.p</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004376#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V12)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004376#01--10" target="_blank">P12.pa </a>(aka hyp 12)<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006477#01--10" target="_blank"></a></td> <td width="192" align="left" valign="top">Lateral (seam blast lineage)<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004655#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL1)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002049#01--10" target="_blank">H1L.apa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004654#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002051#01--10" target="_blank">H1L.appa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004652#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL3)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:00020531#01--10" target="_blank">H1L.p</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004644#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL4)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002065#01--10" target="_blank">H2L.ap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004642#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL5)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002067#01--10" target="_blank">H2L.pa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004640#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL6)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002069#01--10" target="_blank">H2L.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004636#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL7)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002071#01--10" target="_blank">H2L.pppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004628#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL8)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002931#01--10" target="_blank">V1L.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004626#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL9)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002934#01--10" target="_blank">V1L.paa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004624#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL10)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002936#01--10" target="_blank">V1L.papa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004622#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL11)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002938#01--10" target="_blank">V1L.pappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004620#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL12)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002941#01--10" target="_blank">V1L.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004616#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL13)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002943#01--10" target="_blank">V1L.pppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004615#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL14)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002945#01--10" target="_blank">V1L.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004600#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL15)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002965#01--10" target="_blank">V2L.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004596#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL16)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002968#01--10" target="_blank">V2L.paa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004595#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL17)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002970#01--10" target="_blank">V2L.papa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002972#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL18)</a> -<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004594#01--10" target="_blank"> V2L.pappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004592#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL19)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002975#01--10" target="_blank">V2L.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004590#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL20)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002977#01--10" target="_blank">V2L.pppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004588#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL21)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002979#01--10" target="_blank">V2L.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004278#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL22)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002999#01--10" target="_blank">V3L.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004277#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL23)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003002#01--10" target="_blank">V3L.paa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004276#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL24)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003004#01--10" target="_blank">V3L.papa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004275#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL25)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003006#01--10" target="_blank">V3L.pappa<br> </a><a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004274#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL26)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003009#01--10" target="_blank">V3L.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004373#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL27)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003011#01--10" target="_blank">V3L.pppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004272#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL28)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003013#01--10" target="_blank">V3L.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004264#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL29)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003033#01--10" target="_blank">V4L.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004263#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL30)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003036#01--10" target="_blank">V4L.paa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004262#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL31)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003038#01--10" target="_blank">V4L.papa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004261#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL32)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003040#01--10" target="_blank">V4L.pappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004260#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL33)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003043#01--10" target="_blank">V4L.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003045#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL34)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004259#01--10" target="_blank">V4L.pppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004258#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL35)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003047#01--10" target="_blank">V4L.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004225#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL36)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003067#01--10" target="_blank">V5L.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004224#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL37)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003075#01--10" target="_blank">V5L.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004223#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL38)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003078#01--10" target="_blank">V5L.pppaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004222#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL39)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003080#01--10" target="_blank">V5L.pppapa</a> <br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004221#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL40)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003083#01--10" target="_blank">V5L.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004211#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL41)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003115#01--10" target="_blank">V6L.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004209#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL42)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003118#01--10" target="_blank">V6L.paa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004207#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL43)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003121#01--10" target="_blank">V6L.papaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004205#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL44)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003129#01--10" target="_blank">V6L.pappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004200#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL46)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003140#01--10" target="_blank">V6L.pppaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003153#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL46)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003153#01--10" target="_blank">V6L.ppppap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004181#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL47)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002857#01--10" target="_blank">TL.aa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004180#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL48)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002861#01--10" target="_blank">TL.apaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004179#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL49)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0007904#01--10" target="_blank">TL.apapa</a> </td> <td width="360" align="left" valign="top"> <p> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004226#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL49)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0008055#01--10" target="_blank">TL.apappp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004226#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL49)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0008057#01--10" target="_blank">TL.appaap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004226#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LL49)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0008059#01--10" target="_blank">TL.appapp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004580#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR18)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002989#01--10" target="_blank">V2R.pappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004281#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR19)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002992#01--10" target="_blank">V2R.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004280#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR20)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002994#01--10" target="_blank">V2R.pppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004279#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR21)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002996#01--10" target="_blank">V2R.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004271#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR22)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003016#01--10" target="_blank">V3R.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004270#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR23)</a> -<a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003019#01--10" target="_blank"> V3R.paa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004269#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR24)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003021#01--10" target="_blank">V3R.papa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004268#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR25)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003023#01--10" target="_blank">V3R.pappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004267#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR26)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003026#01--10" target="_blank">V3R.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004266#01--10" target="</_blank">hyp 7 (LR27)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003028#01--10" target="_blank">V3R.pppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004265#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR28)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003030#01--10" target="_blank">V3R.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004257#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR29)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003050#01--10" target="_blank">V4R.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004256#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR30)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003053#01--10" target="_blank">V4R.paa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004255#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR31)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003055#01--10" target="_blank">V4R.papa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004254#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR32)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003057#01--10" target="_blank">V4R.pappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004253#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR33)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003060#01--10" target="_blank">V4R.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004252#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR34)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003062#01--10" target="_blank">V4R.pppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004251#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR35)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003064#01--10" target="_blank">V4R.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004220#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR36) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003091#01--10" target="_blank">V5R.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004219#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR37) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003099#01--10" target="_blank">V5R.ppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004217#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR38) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003102#01--10" target="_blank">V5R.pppaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004215#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR39)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003104#01--10" target="_blank">V5R.pppapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004213#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR40) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003107#01--10" target="_blank">V5R.ppppa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004197#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR41)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003161#01--10" target="_blank">V6R.a</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004195#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR42)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003164#01--10" target="_blank">V6R.paa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004193#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR43)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003167#01--10" target="_blank">V6R.papaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004191#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR44) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003175#01--10" target="_blank">V6R.pappa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004187#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR45) </a>- <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003186#01--10" target="_blank">V6R.pppaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0008054#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR46)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003199#01--10" target="_blank">V6R.ppppap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004171#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR47)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002891#01--10" target="_blank">TR.aa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004169#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR48)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002894#01--10" target="_blank">TR.apaa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004167#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR49)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0007906#01--10" target="_blank">TR.apapa</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0008490#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR49)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0007909#01--10" target="_blank">TR.apappp</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0008058#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR49)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002901#01--10" target="_blank">TR.appaap</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0008060#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (LR49)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0007923#01--10" target="_blank">TR.appapp</a><br> <strong>3. Tail </strong>(posterior to anus; all embryonic)<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004671#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V22/23)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006447#01--10" target="_blank">ABplappppa</a> (aka hyp 13) <br> Fuses with hyp 7 at late L4<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004668#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 7 (V22/23)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0006226#01--10" target="_blank">ABprappppa</a> (aka hyp 13) <br>Fuses with hyp 7 at late L4<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004381#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 8/9</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0001451#01--10" target="_blank">ABplpppapap</a> - fuses with hyp11<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004380#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 8/9</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0001610#01--10" target="_blank">ABprpppapap </a>- fuses with hyp 11<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004378#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 10 (V1/2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0001460#01--10" target="_blank">ABplppppppp </a>- fuses with hyp 11<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004378#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 10 (V1/2)</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0001620#01--10" target="_blank">ABprppppppp </a>- fuses with hyp 11<br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004377#01--10" target="_blank">hyp 11</a> - <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0002095#01--10" target="_blank">Cpappv </a>- fuses with hyp 8, hyp 9, hyp 10 <br>at late L4</p> <p><a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0005734#01--10" target="_blank">Entire hyp7 syncytium</a></p></td> </tr> </table> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"><a name="References4" id="References4"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 4 References</span> <p><a name="Baird1991"></a>Baird, S.E., Fitch, D.H., Kassem, I.A. and Emmons, S.W. 1991. Pattern formation in the nematode epidermis: determination of the arrangement of peripheral sense organs in the <em>C. elegans </em>male tail. Development <strong>113: </strong>515-26. <a href="http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/113/2/515" target="_blank">Article </a></p> <p><a name="Chow1995"></a>Chow, K.L., Hall, D.H. and Emmons, S.W. 1995. The <em>mab-21</em> gene of <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> encodes a novel protein required for choice of alternate cell fates. Development <strong>121: </strong>3615-26. <a href="http://dev.biologists.org/content/121/11/3615.long" target="_blank">Article </a></p> <p><a name="Dalpe2004"></a>Dalpé, G., Zhang, L.W. Zheng, H. and Culotti, J.G. 2004. Conversion of cell movement responses to Semaphorin-1 and Plexin-1 from attraction to repulsion by lowered levels of specific RAC GTPases in <em>C. elegans</em>. Development <strong>131:</strong> 2073-88. <a href="http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/131/9/2073" target="_blank">Article</a> </p> <p><a name="Ginzburg2002"></a>Ginzburg, V.E., Roy, P.J. and Culotti, J.G. 2002. Semaphorin 1a and semaphorin 1b are required for correct epidermal cell positioning and adhesion during morphogenesis in <em>C. elegans.</em> Development <strong>129: </strong> 2065-78. <a href="http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/129/9/2065" target="_blank">Article</a> </p> <p><a name="Hahn2003"></a>Hahn, A.C. and Emmons, S.W. 2003. The roles of an ephrin and a semaphorin in patterning cell-cell contacts in <em>C. elegans </em>sensory organ development. Dev. Biol. <strong>256:</strong> 379-88. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-1606(02)00129-X" target="_blank">Article</a></p> <p><a name="Nguyen1999"></a>Nguyen, C.Q., Hall, D.H., Yang, Y. and Fitch, D.H.A. 1999. Morphogenesis of the <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> male tail tip. Dev. Biol. <strong>207</strong>: 86-106. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1998.9173" target="_blank">Article</a></p> <p><a name="Portman2000"></a>Portman, D.S. and Emmons, S.W. 2000. The basic helix-loop helix transcription factors LIN-32 and HLH-2 function together in multiple steps of a <em>C. elegans</em> neuronal sublineage. Development <strong>127: </strong> 5415-26. <a href="http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/129/9/2065" target="_blank">Article </a></p> <p><a name="Ross2005"></a>Ross, J.M., Kalis, A.K., Murphy, M.W. and Zarkower, D. 2005. The DM domain protein MAB-3 promotes sex-specific neurogenesis in <em>C. elegans</em> by regulating bHLH proteins. Dev. Cell <strong>8:</strong> 881-92. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2005.03.017" target="_blank">Article</a></p> <p><a name="Roy2000"></a>Roy, P.J., Zheng, H, Warren, C.E. and Culotti, J.G. 2000. <em>mab-20</em> encodes Semaphorin-2a and is required to prevent ectopic cell contacts during epidermal morphogenesis in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans.</em> Development <strong>127:</strong> 755-67. <a href="http://dev.biologists.org/content/127/4/755.long" target="_blank">Article</a></p> <p><a name="Sulston1977"></a>Sulston, J.E. and Horvitz, H. R. 1977. Post-embryonic cell lineages of the nematode <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. Dev. Biol. <strong>56</strong>: 110-156. <a href="ver1/postemblin_1977/toc.html" target="_blank">Article</a> </p> <p><a name="Sulston1980"></a>Sulston, J.E., Albertson, D.G. and Thomson, J.N. 1980. The <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> male: Postembryonic development of nongonadal structures. Dev Biol. <strong>78</strong>: 542-576. <a href="ver1/Sulston postembmale_1980/toc.html" target="_blank">Article </a></p> <p><a name="Sulston1983"></a>Sulston, J.E., Schierenberg, E., White J.G. and Thomson, J.N. 1983. The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. Dev. Biol. <strong>100</strong>: 64-119. <a href="http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/Sulstonemblin_1983/toc.html" target="_blank">Article</a> </p> <p><a name="Yi2000"></a>Yi, W., Ross, J.W. and Zarkower, D. 2000.<em> mab-3</em> is a direct<em> tra-1</em> target gene regulating diverse aspects of <em>C. elegans</em> male sexual development and behavior. Development <strong>127: </strong>4469-80. <a href="http://dev.biologists.org/content/127/20/4469.long" target="_blank">Article </a></p> <p><a name="Zhao1995"></a>Zhao, C. and Emmons, S.W. 1995. A transcription factor controlling development of peripheral sense organs in <em>C. elegans</em>. Nature <strong>373: </strong>74-78. <a href="dx.doi.org/10.1038/373074a0" target="_blank">Abstract</a></p> <hr class="page-splits"></td> </tr><tr> <td align="left" class="style1"> <a href="#top"><img src="../../picts/topoff.gif" border="0" onMouseOver="this.src='../../picts/topon.gif'" onMouseOut="this.src='../../picts/topoff.gif'"> </a><br> This chapter should be cited as: Lints, R. and Hall, D.H. 2009. Male epithelial system, hypodermis. In<em> WormAtlas</em>.  doi:10.3908/wormatlas.2.7  <br> Edited for the web by Laura A. Herndon. Last revision: June 17, 2013. </td> </tr></table> </td> </tr></table>   </td></tr><tr><td>  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr class="printhide"><td class="pagebar-bottom"> <img src="../../picts/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt="image"><br> </td></tr></table>  </td></tr><tr><td class="shadow-horizontal">  <table cellpadding="6" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"><tr><td align="left" valign="top"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../copyright.js"></script> </td><td align="right" valign="top"> </td></tr></table>  </td></tr></table>  <script src="/google_analytics.js"></script> </BODY></HTML>